Xerxes 1738 synopsis

Xerxes 1738 synopsis Xerxes - gästspel på Gamle Scene
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Med Xerxes provade Händel för första gången att framföra en opera med inslag av opera buffa i London. Försöket slog inte väl ut och operan lades ned efter endast fem föreställningar och förblev ospelad i nära 200 år. Under de senaste 100 åren har operan däremot varit den mest framförda av alla Händels operor. I Xerxes ingår Händels sedermera populära aria “Ombra mai fù” som blev populär under 1800-talet och bearbetades för alla tänkbara instrument.

Xerxes 1738 synopsis

AKT 1
Kong Xerxes synger en øm og kærlig lovsang-til et træ…

Romilda-en ung pige ved hoffet-dukker op,og kong Xerces forelsker sig straks i hende. Der er lige det problem, at Romilda er kæreste med Xerxes’ egen bror, Arsamene. Kong Xerxes – som er vant til at få, hvad han peger på-er dog ligeglad. Resolut landsforviser han broderen og bejler heftigt til Romilda – som dog viser sig fast besluttet på at forblive Arsamene tro.

Xerxes opsøger Romildas far, Ariodate, og lover ham at hans datter skal få en ægtemand af kongeligt blod.

Xerxes forlovede, Amastre (for sådan én har han nemlig i forvejen) hører skjult om Xerxes’ nye affære, og beslutter at hævne sig. For ikke at blive genkendt forklæder hun sig som mand.

På vej i exil sender Arsamene sin tjener Elviro afsted med et kærlighedsbrev til Romilda.

OBS! Det brev kommer til at spille en rolle. Man skal vide, at brevet af sikkerhedshensyn hverken nævner navnet på afsender eller modtager.

For nu at gøre det hele endnu mere forvirrende, har Romilda en søster, Atalanta som er forelsket i Arsamene-altså i Romildas kæreste.

Elviro er på vej med brevet fra Arsamene til Romilda. Diskretion er dog ikke hans spidskompetence, og undervejs møder han først Amastre (Xerxes’ forlovede), hvis raseri far yderligere næring, og siden løber han ind i Atalanta, som narrer brevet fra ham og bilder ham ind, at Romilda har besluttet sig for at droppe Arsamene og tage Xerxes istedet.

Nu har Atalanta brevet, og hun forsøger at udnytte det til egen fordel. Hun giver brevet til Xerxes og siger, at de kærlige ord stammer fra Arsamene, og at de gælder hende selv, Atalanta. (Vi husker, at de i virkeligheden gælder hendes søster Romilda).

Nu har Xerxes brevet. Han viser det fluks til Romilda, som et bevis på at hendes “elskede” Arsamene allerede har glemt hende. Skønt Romilda er sønderknust, afviser hun stadig Xerxes’ tilnærmelser.

Amastre er nu så rasende, at hun beslutter at begå selvmord.

Arsamene hører, at Romilda vil svigte ham og ægte kongen (det har Atalanta jo bildt Elviro – ham tjeneren som blev sendt afsted med brevet-ind), Nu vil også Arsamene tage livet af sig selv.

Før han nar at gøre alvor af det, dukker Xerxes dog op. Xerxes lykønsker Arsamene med, at han (Arsamene) har droppet Romilda og skiftet hende ud med Atalanta (det har Atalanta jo bildt Xerxes ind, da hun gav ham brevet). Arsamene får dog hurtigt revet sin bror ud af dén vildfarelse.

Xerxes møder Atalanta og siger til hende, at det med hende og Arsamene, vist er noget hun har misforstået.
AKT II
Nu bliver det altså lidt kompliceret- men fortvivl ikke. Her er den simple version af resten af historien:

Efter en del drama og forviklinger* tropper Xerxes op hos Ariodate (Romildas far)og siger till ham, at den mand som Romilda skal giftes med, vil ankomme om et øjeblik. Ved et tilfælde dukker Romilda og Arsamene op, da Xerxes er gået. “Dér har vi manden”, tænker Ariodate. Han vier nu de to forbavsede unge – så at sige på Xerxes’ ordre.

Da Xerxes øjeblikket efter dukker op (klar til bryllup) og opdager, hvad der er sket, bryder hans raseri ud i lys lue. Nu skal den troløse Romilda dø! Her træder Amastre- stadig forklædt- ind pa scenen. Hun spørger Xerxes, om han ønsker, at enhver der bedrager den som elsker ham skal dø? “Ja”, svarer Xerxes. Amastre smider forklædningen og vender sværdet mod Xerxes selv. Slukøret erkender Xerxes sin egen dobbeltmoral.

*For de som har mod på det følger her en gennemqang af 2. akts handling op til ovenstående:

Xerxes forsøger igen at overtale Romilda til at gifte sig med ham. Men Romilda afviser ham stadig. Arsamene (hendes kæeste) tror dog at Romilda vakler, men Atalanta (Romildas søster, som fiflede med det der brev) afslører hårdt presset brevsagens rette sammenhæng. Xerxes dukker igen op, og Arsamene må skjule sig, Xerxes presser nu for alvor og korporligt’ Romilda.

Til slut siger Romilda -for at vinde tid -at Xerxes må tale med hendes far om sagen. Hvis faderen samtykker, vil Romilda gøre ligeså, lover hun. Da Xerxes er gået, dukker Arsamene frem fra sit skjul. Han har kun hørt- men ikke set – og anklager nu igen Romilda.

Nu er det Romildas tur til at ville tage livet af sig selv. Xerxes afbryder hende, og da han igen presser hende, bilder hun ham ind, at Arsamene allerede har kysset hende (med mere?…). Harmdirrende befaler Xerxes sine mænd at finde Arsamene og dræbe ham, “Enke skal du blive for det kys”, siger han til Romilda, “og bagefter gifter du dig med mig. Basta!”

Med hjælp fra Amastre, får Romilda sendt Arsamene et brev, som advarer ham om, at Xerxes ønsker ham dræbt.

Arsamene opsøger Romilda og siger, at dén drabsordre blot er noget hun finder på for at holde ham borte, sa hun kan muntre sig med Xerxes, Under deres skænderi ender de tilfældigvis hos Ariodate, som lige har haft besøg af Xerxes. Xerxes har fortalt Ariodate, at den mand som Romilda skal giftes med, vil ankomme om et øjeblik… Hvad der derefter sker er fortalt ovenfor.
IN ENGLISH

Place:Abydos, Persia
Time: about 470 BC

Act 1 

Xerxes 1738 synopsis 1

A garden with a large plane tree and a summerhouse on the side

The King of Persia, Serse, gives effusive, loving thanks to the plane tree for furnishing him with shade.(Arioso:Ombra mai fu). Arsamene with his buffoon-like servant Elviro enters, looking for Arsamene’s sweetheart Romilda. They stop as they hear her singing from the summerhouse. Romilda is making gentle fun of Serse with her song. He is in love with a tree, but the tree does not return his affection.

Serse does not know that his brother is in love with the singer, and entranced by her music, Serse announces that he wants her to be his. Arsamene is horrified when Serse orders him to tell Romilda of his love. Arsamene warns Romilda of what Serse wants – this encourages Atalanta, Romilda’s sister, who is secretly in love with Arsamene also and hopes that Romilda will be Serse’s and then she can have Arsamene.

Serse tells Romilda that he wants her for his queen and when Arsamene remonstrates Serse banishes him. Romilda is determined to remain faithful to the man she loves, Arsamene.

Outside the palace

Princess Amastre now arrives, disguised as a man. She was engaged to Serse but he jilted her and she is furiously determined to be revenged.

Ariodate, general to Serse and father of Romilda and Atalanta, enters with news of a great military victory he has won. Serse is grateful to him and promises that as a reward his daughter Romilda will marry a man equal in rank to the King himself.

Arsamene gives Elviro a letter for Romilda, telling her how distressed he is at their forced separation and pledging to try to visit her in secret. Romilda’s sister Atalanta, hoping to secure Arsamene for herself, tells Romilda that Arsamene is in love with another girl, but Romilda does not believe it.
Act 2 

Xerxes 1738 synopsis 2

Xerxes crossing the Hellespont

A square in the city

Elviro has disguised himself as a flower-seller in order to deliver his master Arsamene’s letter to Romilda, and is also putting on a rural accent. He does not approve of the King’s desire to marry a mere subject such as Romilda and makes this clear. Princess Amastre, in her disguise as a man, hears Elviro expressing this and she is aghast at the King’s plan to marry another when he promised to be hers (Aria:Or che siete speranze tradite).

Amastre leaves in despair and rage and Atalanta enters. Elviro tells her he has a letter for her sister and Atalanta takes it, promising to give it to Romilda. Instead she mischievously shows the letter to the King, telling him that Arsamene sent it to her and no longer loves Romilda. Serse takes the letter and shows it to Romilda, telling her Arsamene is now in love with Atalanta, not her. Romilda is shaken (Aria:E’ Gelosia).

Princess Amastre has decided to kill herself but Elviro arrives in time to stop her. She resolves to confront the King with his ill-treatment of her. Elviro tells Amastre that Romilda now loves Serse: Amastre is devastated (Aria:Anima infida).

By the newly-constructed bridge spanning the Hellespont and thus uniting Asia and Europe

Sailors hail the completion of the bridge, constructed under Serse’s orders, and Serse orders his general Ariodate to cross the bridge with his army and invade Europe.

Serse encounters his heart-broken brother Arsamene and tells him to cheer up, he can marry the woman he now loves, Atalanta, no problem. Arsamene is confused and insists he loves Romilda, not Atalanta. Hearing this, the King advises Atalanta to forget about Arsamene, but she says that is impossible.

Elviro watches as a violent storm threatens to destroy the new bridge. He calms his nerves with drink.

Outside the city in a garden

Serse and Arsamene are both suffering from jealousy and the tribulations of the love lorn. Serse again implores Romilda to marry him but she remains firm in her refusal. The violently furious Amastre appears and draws a sword on the King but Romilda intervenes. Amastre says Romilda should not be forced to marry a man she does not love, and Romilda praises those who are true to their hearts (Aria:Chi cede al furore).
Act 3 

Xerxes 1738 synopsis 3

Antonia Merighi, who created the role of Amastre, in a caricature by Antonio Maria Zanetti

A gallery

Romilda and Arsamene are having a lovers’ spat about that letter, but calm down when Atalanta appears and admits her deception. She has decided she will have to find another boyfriend somewhere else.

Serse again implores Romilda to marry him and she tells him to seek her father’s permission, if he consents, she will. Arsamenes bitterly reproaches her for this(Aria:Amor, tiranno Amor).

Serse once more asks Ariodate if he is happy for his daughter Romilda to marry someone equal in rank to the King. Ariodate thinks Serse means Arsamene and happily gives his consent. Serse tells Romilda that her father has agreed to their marriage but Romilda, trying to put him off, tells him that Arsamene loves her and in fact he has kissed her. Serse, furious, orders his brother to be put to death.

Amastre asks Romilda to take a letter to the King, telling her that this will help her. Amastre bewails her plight, having been abandoned by Serse, who promised to be hers (Aria:Cagion son io).

Arsamene blames Romilda for the fact that he has been sentenced to death, and the lovers again quarrel (Duet:Troppo oltraggi la mia fede).

The temple of the sun

Arsamene and Romilda have been summoned to the temple and they come in, still quarreling, but they are amazed and overjoyed when Ariodate tells them that Serse has agreed to their wedding and he marries them then and there.

Serse enters, ready to marry Romilda, and is enraged when he discovers that it is too late, Ariodate has married his daughter to Arsamene. Serse bitterly denounces Ariodate for that and is even more enraged when a letter arrives, apparently from Romilda, accusing him of faithlessness. When he discovers that the letter is actually from his previous fiance Amastre, whom he jilted, his fury only increases (Aria:Crude Furie degl’ orridi abissi).

Serse takes his sword and orders Arsamene to kill Romilda with it; but Amastre interrupts this and asks Serse if he truly wants treachery and infidelity to be punished. Serse says he does whereupon Amastre reveals her true identity as Serse’s betrothed. Serse, abashed, admits his fault – he will marry Amastre as he promised, he wishes his brother Arsamene and Romilda happiness in their marriage, and all celebrate the fortunate outcome of events (Chorus:Ritorna a noi la calma).

UPPHOVSPERSONER

Musik: Georg Friedrich Händel Text: Anonym efter Silvio Stampiglia och Niccolò Minato

Libretto

PREMIÄR
Uruppförande:15 april 1738 King´s Theatre, London. Svensk premiär: Stockholm, Operan 1985. Sett föreställningen : 29.05.2011 på  Gamle Scene på DKT i Köpenhamn
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